1 of 12

Gordon Cotton

Hester Flowers

Dr. David D. Foote

Vicksburg was incorporated in 1825, and for 200 years it has been shaped and molded by all who have lived here. And while  contributions have been made by many — sometimes even unbeknownst to others — in celebration of Vicksburg’s bicentennial, a committee was formed and tasked with comprising a list of 200 individuals or groups they felt played a role in sustaining this city by the river.

From now until the end of the year, The Vicksburg Post will highlight those groups and individuals chosen.

Gordon Cotton

Gordon Cotton was a beloved historian, writer, and educator who dedicated his life to preserving and sharing the rich history of Vicksburg. Born in 1937 in Campbell Swamp, he grew up with a deep connection to the region’s history. He earned his degrees from Mississippi College and went on to teach at various institutions, instilling in his students a passion for the past. Cotton’s career as a historian was marked by his prolific writing, having authored more than 17 books on local and regional history. His work helped shine a light on the lesser-known stories of the Mississippi River Valley, and he was a regular contributor to The Vicksburg Post. Cotton’s most notable role was as the longtime director of the Old Court House Museum, where he became a beloved figure, often described as a “walking encyclopedia” of Warren County history. His deep understanding of the area’s past and his skill as a storyteller made him a vital resource for both locals and visitors. Beyond his work at the museum, he was an active member of various historical and genealogical societies, often sharing his expertise at local events and lectures. His contributions to the field of historic preservation earned him numerous accolades, recognizing his dedication to safeguarding the region’s cultural heritage. Throughout his life, Cotton was cherished by his community for his warmth, humor, and unwavering commitment to keeping history alive. He had a unique ability to bring the past to life, ensuring that future generations could learn from and appreciate the history that shaped their world. When Cotton passed away at the age of 84, he left behind a legacy that continues to inspire historians, educators, and history enthusiasts alike. His work and the countless lives he touched through his storytelling will forever be remembered in the heart of Vicksburg.

Kirk Fordice

Longtime Vicksburg resident Kirk Fordice made history as Mississippi’s first Republican governor in 118 years when he was elected in 1991, and he became the first to win re-election in more than a century in 1995. Born in Memphis in 1934, Fordice earned engineering and business degrees from Purdue University before serving in the U.S. Army, where he later retired as a colonel in the Army Reserve. Before entering politics, he was the CEO of Fordice Construction Company, which gave him valuable business experience and leadership roles in various construction industry associations. As governor, Fordice championed conservative, pro-business policies, including eliminating capital gains taxes for Mississippi-based companies, which helped stimulate economic growth. He focused on fiscal responsibility, job creation, and improving the state’s infrastructure. Fordice also served as the chairman of both the Southern Governors Association and the Southern Growth Policies Board, making significant contributions to regional collaboration and development.

Outside of politics, Fordice was a passionate outdoorsman, licensed pilot, and active participant in conservation and hunting organizations. After serving two terms as governor, he retired to Madison, Mississippi, where he spent the rest of his life until passing away in 2004. Fordice’s leadership, political achievements, and legacy continue to influence Mississippi’s political and economic landscape today.

Ray Lum (1891–1977)

Vicksburg native Ray Lum was a larger-than-life figure whose legacy became woven into the fabric of the American South. Born in rural Mississippi into humble beginnings, Lum realized the ability to make a deal was as important as any wealth one could acquire. He built a remarkable career in the mule trading business, traveling far and wide — across South Dakota to Mexico — often with a Cadillac full of livestock. His business acumen, combined with his quick wit and charm, earned him a reputation that went beyond his dealings. Whether he was trading mules or horses, Lum was known for his integrity, sealing each deal with a handshake and a good story. But Lum was more than a businessman — he was a master storyteller and folk philosopher. His tales, often a mix of truth and embellishment, captured the spirit of the South. His ability to spin wisdom into his negotiations and everyday conversations made him a beloved figure. Through his stories, Lum taught lessons in life, trade, and survival, offering perspectives on human nature, morality, and the challenges of living in a changing world. He was able to blend humor with sharp insight, creating narratives that not only entertained, but also educated. Those who crossed paths with Lum left with more than just a fair deal; they took away a story, a lesson, and a piece of Southern culture. Ray Lum’s life and legacy were preserved by historian Dr. William Ferris, who saw in him not just a businessman but a symbol of Southern life and traditions. Through Ferris’s work, particularly his book and film, “Mule Trader: Ray Lum’s Tales of Horses, Mules, and Men,” Lum’s influence continued to resonate long after his passing. His voice endures, immortalized in Ferris’s portrayal of him as a figure of wit, wisdom, and resilience. Ray Lum’s legacy serves as a reminder of a time when storytelling and character were paramount in both business and life, leaving behind a cultural imprint that continues to capture the imagination of those who hear his tales.

Emma Harrison Balfour (1818–1886)

Emma Harrison Balfour was a figure of grace and resilience whose life intersected with the turbulent history of Vicksburg during the Civil War. Originally from Virginia, Balfour became an influential member of Vicksburg’s Southern society after her marriage to prominent local businessman William Balfour. In 1862, she hosted the Balfour Ball on Christmas Eve, a lavish celebration that would be overshadowed by the grim realities of the war. Little did she know that just months later, Vicksburg would be thrust into the horrors of siege and battle, forever altering the course of her life. As Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s forces laid siege to the city in the summer of 1863, Balfour’s life shifted from opulence to survival. The elegant ballroom became a distant memory as Balfour, along with her family and fellow citizens, sought refuge in makeshift caves and shelters, enduring relentless bombardment. In the midst of destruction and fear, her strength and perseverance emerged, allowing her to endure the hardship of the siege with remarkable fortitude. Her experience as a witness to the horrors of war transcended her social status, placing her on the front lines of an unimaginable struggle. Balfour’s diary from this period became a crucial historical document, offering vivid insights into the suffering, terror, and resilience of the citizens trapped in the besieged city. Through her eloquent and poignant writings, she immortalized the courage of those enduring the siege of Vicksburg. Her words serve as a testament to the unbreakable spirit of the people of Vicksburg, capturing the profound toll the war took on the city’s inhabitants, while ensuring that the legacy of their survival and determination would be remembered for generations to come.

Eva W. Davis (1892–1974)

Eva W. Davis was a passionate preservationist whose efforts ensured the survival of one of Vicksburg’s most significant historical landmarks, the Old Warren County Courthouse. Built by enslaved artisans and completed in 1860, the courthouse had stood as a silent witness to pivotal moments in history, including the Civil War. As time passed and the city planned for a new courthouse, the future of the old structure was uncertain. Recognizing its historical and architectural value, Davis took it upon herself to rally the community in an effort to save the building from demolition.

Her campaign was relentless. She led fundraising initiatives, garnered public support, and personally oversaw efforts to restore the abandoned courthouse. Thanks to her determination, the building reopened in 1947 as the Old Court House Museum, preserving artifacts and stories from Vicksburg’s past. Her work did not go unnoticed. Davis’s name was added to the museum in 1966 in recognition of her unwavering dedication. Her transformation from a quiet citizen into a formidable advocate for preservation set a precedent for local historical conservation efforts. Through her leadership, Davis ensured future generations could connect with Vicksburg’s rich history. The Old Court House Museum remains a vital educational and cultural institution, standing as a testament to her vision. Her legacy continues to inspire preservationists and history enthusiasts, proving that one person’s determination can safeguard the past for generations to come.

Hester Craig Flowers

Hester Craig Flowers was a visionary leader whose passion for beautification and historic preservation left a lasting mark on Vicksburg. In 1931, she founded the city’s first Garden Club, sparking a movement that led to the establishment of 12 additional clubs. These organizations worked collectively to enhance public spaces, promote horticultural education, and encourage civic pride. Flowers believed a well-maintained and beautiful environment could enrich the community and strengthen its historical identity. One of her most significant accomplishments was leading the effort to purchase and restore Planters Hall in 1956, saving the historic building from decline. Under her guidance, the structure was transformed into a cherished landmark, preserving an important piece of Vicksburg’s architectural heritage. Her leadership extended beyond the city, as she became a respected figure in state-level preservation and gardening initiatives. Through her advocacy, she helped elevate the importance of conservation and restoration in Mississippi, inspiring others to take an active role in safeguarding local history. Flowers’ legacy lives on in the lush landscapes and preserved landmarks of Vicksburg. Her dedication to beautification continues to shape the city’s aesthetic charm, and her contributions are honored in a mural celebrating the impact of Vicksburg’s garden clubs. Through her work, she not only enriched her hometown but also fostered a lasting appreciation for the intersection of nature, history, and community pride.

Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly, born in Vicksburg in 1954, became a groundbreaking fashion designer known for his bold and joyful aesthetic. From an early age he was drawn to fashion, inspired by his grandmother, who taught him to sew and mend clothes with whatever materials were available. This resourcefulness and creativity shaped his signature style, which celebrated bright colors, oversized buttons, and playful, avant-garde motifs. His designs were a tribute to Black culture, Southern heritage, and a fearless approach to self-expression. Determined to pursue a career in fashion, Kelly studied at Jackson State University before moving to New York and later enrolling at Parsons School of Design. It was in Paris, however, where he found his greatest success. Selling his designs on the streets, he eventually gained recognition and launched Patrick Kelly Paris. His innovative creations caught the attention of the fashion elite, leading to his historic acceptance into the prestigious Chambre Syndicale du Prêt-à-Porter, making him the first American to join the ranks of industry greats like Yves Saint Laurent and Karl Lagerfeld. His clothes were worn by icons such as Princess Diana, Madonna, and Grace Jones, solidifying his status as a visionary in the fashion world. Though his life was tragically cut short in 1990, Kelly’s influence endures. His designs challenged traditional fashion norms, using humor, cultural references, and vibrant energy to make powerful statements. His impact on diversity in the industry continues to be celebrated, with exhibitions and retrospectives honoring his work. A true innovator, Kelly left behind a legacy that remains a vibrant and joyful force in fashion, inspiring designers to embrace individuality and inclusivity.

Willie Dixon

Willie Dixon, known as the “poet laureate of the blues,” was born in Vicksburg in 1915. From an early age, he was influenced by the rich musical traditions of the South, drawing inspiration from gospel spirituals, poetry, and the raw emotion of blues music. Growing up in a city with a deep blues heritage, Dixon absorbed the rhythmic storytelling that would later define his songwriting. His ability to craft vivid lyrics and powerful melodies set him apart, paving the way for a career that would shape the future of blues and rock music. In 1936, Dixon moved to Chicago, where he initially pursued a boxing career before fully dedicating himself to music. His work at Chess Records in the 1950s and 1960s cemented his reputation as a pivotal figure in the Chicago blues scene. As a songwriter, producer, and bassist, he played an instrumental role in crafting hits for legendary artists like Muddy Waters, Howlin’ Wolf, and Koko Taylor. Songs such as “Hoochie Coochie Man,” “Little Red Rooster,” and “I Just Want to Make Love to You” became defining tracks of the era, influencing a generation of rock musicians, including The Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin. Through his innovative approach, Dixon helped bridge the gap between blues and rock, bringing the soulful sounds of the Mississippi Delta to a global audience. Beyond his contributions to music, Dixon remained committed to advocating for blues musicians’ rights and preserving the genre’s legacy. He founded the Blues Heaven Foundation, an organization dedicated to supporting artists and ensuring they received fair compensation for their work. His achievements earned him inductions into both the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Blues Hall of Fame, recognizing his lasting impact on American music. In tribute to his legacy, Vicksburg honored Dixon in 2002 by renaming a street Willie Dixon Way, ensuring that his contributions to the blues and his hometown would never be forgotten.

Dr. David D. Foote

Dr. David D. Foote was a pioneer in both dentistry and civil rights, leaving a profound legacy in Vicksburg and beyond. Born in 1879, he pursued academic excellence, graduating with high honors from Straight University before earning his dental degree from Howard University. Determined to use his skills to serve his community, he returned home and became Mississippi’s first licensed African American dentist. His practice quickly gained a reputation for exceptional skill and professionalism, earning the trust and respect of both Black and white residents at a time when segregation and racial barriers sought to limit Black professionals. Beyond dentistry, Foote was a fearless advocate for racial equality, challenging systemic injustice at great personal risk. In 1918, during an era of widespread racial discrimination and violence, he co-founded and led Vicksburg’s NAACP branch — the first in Mississippi. His leadership provided a crucial platform for African Americans to organize and demand their rights, setting the stage for future civil rights advancements. Through his efforts, he not only confronted racial injustices, but also empowered others to push for change despite the dangers of activism in the segregated South. Foote’s legacy extends beyond his medical and civil rights achievements, serving as an enduring symbol of resilience and progress. His commitment to education, professional excellence, and social justice helped pave the way for future generations of Black professionals and activists. Today, his contributions continue to inspire those who strive for equality and opportunity, reminding us of the power of determination and leadership in the face of adversity.

Dr. Myrlie Evers-Williams

Dr. Myrlie Evers-Williams, born in Vicksburg, in 1933, is a revered civil rights activist who turned personal tragedy into a lifelong pursuit of justice. After the assassination of her husband, Medgar Evers, in 1963, she emerged as a steadfast advocate for civil rights, working tirelessly to combat racial injustice and promote equality. Her decades-long fight to secure the conviction of his murderer demonstrated her resilience and unwavering dedication to justice. In the years following his death, she carried forward his mission, ensuring that his sacrifices were not forgotten. Evers-Williams broke barriers as the first woman to serve as national chairwoman of the NAACP, leading the organization through a period of renewal and strengthening its role in the modern civil rights movement. She also founded the Medgar Evers Institute to honor his legacy and continues the fight for social justice through education and activism. A prolific writer, she co-authored a book on her husband’s life and later published her memoir, providing an intimate look at her journey from grief to empowerment. Her contributions earned her numerous accolades, including being named “Ms. Magazine’s” Woman of the Year and delivering the invocation at President Barack Obama’s second inauguration, making history as the first woman and layperson to do so. The designation of the Medgar and Myrlie Evers House as a National Historic Landmark in 2017 serves as a lasting tribute to her and her husband’s legacy. Through her activism, leadership, and storytelling, Evers- Williams has left an indelible mark on the fight for justice and equality in America.

Ben Montgomery

Ben Montgomery had a lasting impact on Vicksburg through his work as a machinist, engineer, and entrepreneur. He maintained the cotton gin steam engines at Hurricane Plantation, invented a boat propeller, and designed levees that still protect the area today. In 1842, he established a successful store, providing goods to both enslaved and free people, and built strong business ties with New Orleans markets, fostering economic opportunities for the Black community. After the Civil War, Montgomery became the first Black person to hold public office in Mississippi when he was appointed justice of the peace in 1867. His leadership marked a significant shift in Vicksburg’s social and political structure, demonstrating the potential for Black individuals to hold authority in the postwar South. He also played a key role in helping formerly enslaved people transition into freedom, advocating for land ownership and economic independence. Despite facing systemic barriers, Montgomery’s resilience in rebuilding after the war and his contributions to the region’s development solidified his legacy in Vicksburg’s history. His efforts laid the groundwork for future generations of Black leaders and entrepreneurs, making him a pivotal figure in Mississippi’s reconstruction era.

Frank Crump Jr.

Frank Crump Jr. was a dedicated educator, activist, and community leader in Vicksburg. A Navy veteran of World War II, he earned degrees in industrial arts and vocational education, later teaching math and science at several schools, including Alcorn A&M and Rosa A. Temple High School. He played a vital role in the Civil Rights movement, working to register Black voters in 1964 and challenging discriminatory policies in education and employment. Crump co-founded the Vicksburg Citizens’ Appeal newspaper and helped lead the 1972 economic boycott against racial discrimination in the city. His advocacy extended into the 1980s when he founded the Community Action Network to address social justice and education issues. As a longtime educator, he mentored countless students who went on to successful careers in various fields. Beyond education, Crump was a skilled builder, running Crump Construction for nearly 40 years, contributing to Vicksburg’s growth. He received numerous honors, including a Mississippi State Historical Marker and recognition from Congress for his civil rights contributions. His legacy lives on through the Frank Crump Jr. Educational Foundation, continuing his mission to uplift future generations.

More News

RISING CONCERNS: Vicksburg, Warren County prepare for coming floodwater

Warren County-Vicksburg Public Library receives $235,000 for improvements

Looking Back: celebrating Vicksburg’s bicentennial through stories from the past

Vicksburg Police Department Arrest Reports: March 31 to April 6, 2025